In a few days time I will be giving a lecture on the subject of sound effects, so I thought it worth posting this image (which I will show at the lecture) and mention two articles by myself which are about this subject.
Stephen Bottomore, 'An International Survey of Sound Effects in Early Cinema', Film History 11, no. 4 (1999): 485-498.
Stephen Bottomore, 'The Story of Percy Peashaker: Debates About Sound Effects in the Early Cinema', in The Sounds of Early Cinema, edited by R. Abel and R. Altman (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2001): 129-142.
This picture has sometimes been dated as c1912, though actually appears in an ad by the Yerkes company (which made sound effects devices for film shows in the USA) in Moving Picture World as early as 4 September 1909.